Tag-Archive for » botany «

April 03rd, 2010 | Author: sarcozona

The rapists who don’t get caught are smart, misogynist predators, not confused young men. (via Michael Alan Miller)

Teaching teenagers about healthy relationships reduces teen pregnancy. (via OPT) Unfortunately, about the only people who get a decent sex education in the US grow up on a farm.

Thamnolia vermicularis

Thamnolia vermicularis (whiteworm lichen) on Botany Photo of the Day

Obama gives the go-ahead for offshore drilling, reneging on his campaign promise in a bid to get the Republicans to vote for climate change legislation. First of all, a potential three years of oil is NOT worth that much environmental damage.  But perhaps more importantly, shouldn’t you wait until you’ve got the votes to hand over the prize?

The Jews were never slaves in Egypt (and they were probably Canaanites to boot).  But Happy Passover anyway!

The crazies on the right think returning your census form is like the jackets from the V‘s Peace Ambassadors, but still stop efforts to model the population instead.

Ovulation

Girls are outperforming boys in school and some white guys think we should change the system because of it.  Lindsay Beyerstein has a spot on analysis of the situation: “Maybe boys are acting out and underperforming because they’ve been taught from an early age that the world should change to suit them.”

A fantastic series of lectures from a Berkeley Biological Anthropology course taught by Terrence Deacon is available online (you can also get it through iTunesU).  I’ve been listening to it on my walk to school in the mornings.

From a beautiful series by Sophia Wallace

People we “rescued” from Haiti are currently prisoners of our royally fucked immigration system because of a paperwork problem.

I’m not going to have kids and I’m happy about it. Are you?

Five ways the world didn’t end when the Large Hadron Collider turned on.

Gay marriage in the British Cavalry. Romantic!

March 30th, 2010 | Author: sarcozona

Welcome to the 26th edition of Berry Go Round!  February was a botanical box of chocolates, but this month is the much anticipated herald of spring.  So what if the crocuses are just beginning to peek above the soil on my mountain and it’s going to snow two days this week?  This Berry Go Round has photographic evidence that spring has arrived at lower elevations and latitudes.

But first, let’s look back to autumn: On a November hike in the Ozarks, Ted from Beetles in the Bush came across a spreading patch of an uncommon clubmoss, Lycopodium digitatum, covered in delicate strobili.

 Lycopodium digitatum strobili

Lycopodium digitatum strobili

As lovely as a flower can be, I find myself more drawn to the oldest, nonflowering plant lineages.  As Jessica at Moss Plants and More learned to her dismay (and adeptly corrects), most people don’t even notice these plants and the people that do rarely recognize the astonishing diversity and subtle beauty of mosses and others of these small, ancient plants.

But now, on to warmer places!

Ben at Get Your Botany On! takes us botanizing in Florida where tiny (and not so tiny) flowers are abundant.  I was especially pleased to see this picture of a pawpaw:

Asimina incana flower

Asimina incana (pawpaw) flower

Pawpaws have sublime fruit.  I’ve only eaten Asimina triloba, but I bet A. incana is equally delicious.  It’s too bad they don’t store well enough to be grown commercially as I’d be willing to pay ridiculous amounts of money to get them on my cold mountain.  You can read more about pawpaws and other fantastic fruits in the Annonaceae family at Will Townes’ delightful blog.

Diane from Hill-Stead’s Nature Blog uses the emerging Connecticut plants and animals to remind us that spring is a time for rebirth and new beginnings.  She starts with a pussy willow in full bloom, which brought back fond memories for me – pussy willow was one of the first plants I learned to identify as a child.

The Berry Go Round links this month seem to be making me homesick, and this next is no exception.  Botany Photo of the Day recently wrote about this stunning magnolia:

Magnolia campbellii subsp. mollicomata 'Borde Hill'

Magnolia campbellii subsp. mollicomata 'Borde Hill'

Growing up in the southeast, everyone had a magnolia in their yard and there were seemingly infinite varieties.  All the grandmothers would argue over which variety was the best or commiserate over early bloomers having their buds killed by a late frost.  I remember Magnolia grandiflora best: it has enormous, creamy flowers that smell of citrus and smooth bark with branches perfectly arranged for climbing.

Despite the seeming never-ending winter this year, spring has finally arrived at the Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden.  Take a walk with Jane to see some of the early spring blooms, including crocus and camellia.  A bit further south, Wayne at Niches shares the phenology data he’s been gathering on trout lilies and some interesting pollination tidbits.

Mystery fruit

Spencer's mystery fruit

Of course, the tropics don’t have seasons like we do in the temperate latitudes, so they get to see things like this odd bloom from the the Brazil nut tree year round (botanical trivia: Brazil nut trees are in the same order as the camellias from the Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden).  Spencer at Anthromes sends us a question from another tropical place, Panama.  He’s found a tasty fruit, but can’t identify it.  Help him out before he poisons himself!

You probably wouldn’t expect to find something to eat like Spencer in Panama just wandering around a typical suburban neighborhood in the US, but you’d be wrong!  Dr. Lalita Calibria at Adventures of a Phytochemist shows us how we can use the “weeds” growing in our lawns.

In warmer seasons I prefer to drink tea, but until the snow melts I rely on coffee in the mornings.  So I was horrified to learn this month that not only is the changing climate killing coffee, but important coffee relatives with interesting chemical properties are critically endangered.  A generation got behind the save the whales movement and made a great deal of environmental progress.  I wonder if a save the coffee movement could do the same today?

Speaking of the environmental movement, poplar trees are being investigated as a potential biofuel (more botanical trivia: poplar trees are in the same family as pussy willows).  At first, trees may seem like a bad choice for a biofuel, but poplar has a few things going for it.  First of all, it grows fast – 5-8 feet PER YEAR fast.  Secondly, and perhaps most importantly, it can be grown on land that isn’t suitable for crops, so we wouldn’t have to pit energy against food needs.  Thirdly, the Populus genome has been sequenced, which makes it easier to modify it to be an even better biofuel.

The last entries to this carnival are most certainly not least.  In fact, they might just be my favorites.

First is a post on marimo by Jaime over at Talking Plants.  Marimo are balls of Aegagropila linnaei algae that form in certain lake conditions.  Some botanists might argue that algae aren’t plants, but I hope the Berry Go Round botanists will make an exception for this fantastic species.  Unfortunately, marimo are in global decline.  Read Jaime’s post to find out why.

Marimo

Marimo by Lin.y.c on Flickr

Another favorite is The Phytophactor’s description of “Real Crappy Plant Research.” I remember learning about the enormous pitcher plants of southeast Asia in my plant systematics class and being totally amazed to learn that they eat small mammals.  That just seemed so unlikely – why couldn’t it scratch or chew its way out? It turns out that they DON’T eat small mammals – they’re more of a toilet for tree shrews and other such animals.  While the animal drinks the nectar, it’s positioned so that its poop is captured in the pitcher!

The Phytophactor also let us know that the Botanical Society of America is now posting links to its member’s blogs. It’s a great way to get exposure for your blog if you’re a member and a great place to find blogs regardless.

And that’s the end of this edition of Berry Go Round!

Feel free to volunteer to host an upcoming Berry Go Round (we need a host for next month!) and don’t forget to send in your submissions for April’s edition.

March 06th, 2010 | Author: sarcozona

The latest edition of Berry Go Round is up at Foothills Fancies.  Sally did a fantastic job of finding terrifically interesting posts (including my post on the fossil Archeopteris, of course).  One of my favorite submissions describes a potential identification for a very puzzling fossil from January’s Berry Go Round host.

To show that I am not hopelessly biased towards fossils, I’ll point you to another favorite at A Digital Botanic Garden on a particularly lovely Arisaema species.  Arisaema is in the Araceae family, which I find endlessly fascinating.

February 19th, 2010 | Author: sarcozona

The latest edition of Berry Go Round is up at The Phytophactor.  I’m more than a little late with this announcement, but I promise it’s not because I’m bitter about missing the deadline with my Archeopteris post.  That would just be petty and despite what my sister may tell you, I really don’t hold a grudge like that.

There are a great many very cool posts (and blogs) featured in the carnival.  I was especially pleased to find the blog of ArtPlantae Today.

Botanical illustration is quite difficult. My drawings of mosses in my plant morphology course just weren’t this good.  In fact, I can barely recognize what I was trying to draw when I page back through my old notebooks.

I am refining my skills a bit this semester in my plant taxonomy course. I still find it easier to copy a line drawing than to draw from live plant material, so I spent most of last weekend looking up drawings of grasses and painstakingly reproducing them.  Drawing plants in such detail forces me to really think about the different structures and to appreciate their complexity.

I find that I really enjoy the process.  It is very different from the kinds of work I normally do.  Most of the time it’s both entertaining and soothing, whereas the work I normally do usually puts me somewhere close to elation or pulling my hair out without much inbetween.

December 12th, 2009 | Author: sarcozona

Testosterone doesn’t actually make people selfish; it promotes fair play.

It’s not that feminists don’t have a sense of humor, you’re just not funny.

China really isn’t getting better about human rights abuses.

Fantastic essay by Asimov on “The Relativity of Wrong.”  I feel like this would be especially good to read in intro science classes.

Having health insurance doesn’t necessarily make healthcare affordable or accessible.

Large animal farms (actually large farms period) do incredible environmental damage with human victims.  Dairies in New Mexico have led to contaminated water in a region where water scarcity is a growing issue.

We thought flowering plants had such an advantage because of their flowers.  Actually, it’s their veins!

Teeny tiny orchid discovered by accident

Teeny tiny orchid discovered by accident

The Discovery Channel clearly doesn’t appreciate the women who watch their shows.  Otherwise why would they put out such offensive ads?

Comic books and vagina dentata.

October 03rd, 2009 | Author: sarcozona

It’s more expensive to be gay.

The Straight Girl’s Guide to Sleeping with Chicks.  I’m beginning to think straight women don’t actually exist.

Mac vs. PC hilarity.

Another health insurance company screws over another sick person.

Frat boys that aren’t awful human beings.  Hooray feminism!

cute attack: baby pygmy hippo

cute attack: baby pygmy hippo

Nike resigned from the board of the Chamber of Commerce in protest of the chamber’s position on climate change.  Other companies flat out resigned their memberships.  It’s good to see companies recognizing climate change is going to start affecting their profits.

I feel like the appropriate punishment for these sorts of crimes would be to deny them modern medical care.

Second wave feminism has a bad reputation, but without it, women would still be writing songs like this:

Every native fish in AZ is in trouble, and several have already gone extinct.  Drastic times call for drastic measures.

A new spider species was recently discovered and named after David Bowie.

Heteropoda davidbowie

Heteropoda davidbowie

Warming can fundamentally change interactions in an ecosystem.  This means that many of our predictions about what’s going to happen to ecosystems with climate change could be very, very wrong.

The Finance Committee killed the public option this week and then approved money for abstinence only sex-ed, which is the proven best way to up teen pregnancy and std rates.  I’d like to point out that democrats Lincoln, Conrad, and Baucus voted down the public option.  I suggest letting them know how you feel about their vote, especially if you come from Arkansas, Montana, or North Dakota.

Laurent is finally blogging again – I adore his silly botany posts.  Here’s a great one about how purple toothwort protects its nectar.

June 03rd, 2009 | Author: sarcozona
Solanaceae Petunia patagonica by jardin.lautaret

Solanaceae Petunia patagonica by jardin.lautaret

This is probably not quite like any petunia you’ve seen before.  Patagonia seems to have such interesting plants.  Perhaps I’ll go botanizing there someday.

April 05th, 2009 | Author: sarcozona

I’m a little late advertising this, but the 15th edition of Berry Go Round is up at A Neotropical Savanna.  I particularly enjoyed Watcher’s posts on Costa Rican trees (and some of the bugs that inhabit them) and pinyon pine.

March 18th, 2009 | Author: sarcozona

LL Cool Joe started an interesting meme a couple weeks ago and Leo tagged me.

The rules:

1. You’ve got to post a link from the person who tagged you.
2. List 8 things that you know about on your chosen subject. You get to choose the subject.
3. You don’t have to tag anyone but you can if you want. If you do, let them know on their blog that they’ve been tagged.
4. List the rules.

Leo gave some awesome tips on baking light bread, and I considered telling you about cornbread or cookies, but, inspired by my plant chemical ecology seminar this week, I’ve decided to share some interesting ecological tidbits instead.  While most people are somewhat aware of the interconnectedness of our world, most people miss out on all the fantastic details.
ResearchBlogging.org

  1. Fruit flies are not very common in the desert because they like a lot of water.  A few species in the Sonoran, however, survive on rotting cacti.  Cacti generally produce lots and lots of nasty chemicals and different cacti produce different nasty chemicals.  Each species of fruit fly can only handle certain nasty chemicals.  The fruit flies figure out which cacti have the right nasty chemicals by smell – but not the smell of the cactus.  Each kind of cactus has its own unique community of microbes that produces its own unique smelly chemicals that the flies recognize.
    Fogleman, J. (2001). Chemical Interactions in the Cactus-Microorganism-Drosophila Model System of the Sonoran Desert Integrative and Comparative Biology, 41 (4), 877-889 DOI: 10.1093/icb/41.4.877
  2. Maculinea butterfly caterpillar skins “smell” like ant larvae, so when an ant stumbles across one of these caterpillars it’s like “OMG MY BABY ISN’T IN THE NEST” and takes it home and feeds it at the expense of actual ant larvae. antNash, D., Als, T., Maile, R., Jones, G., & Boomsma, J. (2008). A Mosaic of Chemical Coevolution in a Large Blue Butterfly Science, 319 (5859), 88-90 DOI: 10.1126/science.1149180
  3. As carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, many plants end up with a higher carbon (sugar) to nitrogen (protein) ratio.  This is bad news for the herbivores because there’s already way more sugar than protein in plants and the herbivores need protein badly.  When the carbon to nitrogen ratio goes up, herbivores often have to eat more and take longer to develop.  This eventually leads to fewer herbivores: Since they’re around longer, they are eaten more often by their predators. Since they have to eat more to get enough protein, they ingest more of the toxins plants produce – and plants can produce more toxins because of the extra carbon.  And since there’s so much more sugar than protein, the herbivores can starve to death – a candy diet wouldn’t work out so well for you either.
    Scrub Oaks And Sky, Grayton Beach State Park, FL 2008 by Lone Cypress

    Scrub Oaks And Sky, Grayton Beach State Park, FL 2008 by Lone Cypress

    STILING, P., & CORNELISSEN, T. (2007). How does elevated carbon dioxide (CO) affect plant–herbivore interactions? A field experiment and meta-analysis of CO-mediated changes on plant chemistry and herbivore performance. Global Change Biology, 13 (9), 1823-1842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01392.x

  4. Mycorrhizae are a mutualism between plants and fungi.  The plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates and the fungus helps the plant get nutrients from the soil, like nitrogen.  Plants make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and sunlight and their growth is usually limited by nitrogen.  While fungi can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil, they can’t make their own carbohydrates.  Elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide help the plant grow more, but also mean that the plant requires more nitrogen.  So, if carbon dioxide is higher, the plant gives away more carbohydrates to the fungi in exchange for more nitrogen.  Remember, though, that the fungi need nitrogen, too.  Some species of mycorrhizae grow so much when the plant is exposed to elevated levels of carbon dixoide that it uses up all of the nitrogen instead of giving it to the plant – not only does it steal the carbohydrates the plant makes, it takes up all the soil nutrients the plant needs.
    Mycorrhizae on plant roots

    Mycorrhizae

    ALBERTON, O., & KUYPER, T. (2009). Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with seedlings respond differently to increased carbon and nitrogen availability: implications for ecosystem responses to global change.  Global Change Biology, 15 (1), 166-175 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01714.x

  5. Even if the soil is wet, a plant can still be too dry, especially if it’s cold outside.  When water is cold it becomes more viscous.  You may not notice that cold water is thicker than warm water, but to a plant it’s the difference between milk and a milkshake.

    Lopushinsky, W, & Kaufmann, M (1984). Effects of Cold Soil on Water Relations and Spring Growth of Douglas-fir Seedlings

  6. Plants use long dead cells to transport water.  You can think of a bunch of them together like a bunch of tiny connected pipes.  Water is not pushed through the pipes from the ground (with a positive pressure)– it is pulled through the plant like water through a straw (with a negative pressure).  Transpiration – the evaporation of water from the leaves – is what pulls water through the plant.  This is only possible because water has a very strong tensile strength.  Water molecules tend to cling to one another very tightly so that in a plant, there is a column of water from the roots to the leaves that is stretched like a rubber band.
    Water conducting cells in plants

    Water conducting cells in plants

    Dixon, & Joly (1894). On the ascent of sap Annals of Botany

  7. The system plants use to get water works pretty well, but there can be some pretty serious problems.  Plants basically suck water from the soil.  When the soil is dry, they suck harder.  Sometimes they suck so hard that air comes through the sides of the water conducting cells.  Once air gets in, it expands and fills up the cell and “breaks” the column of water.  This is called cavitation.  Since there are lots of these cells and lots of little water columns, this isn’t usually a big deal, but if it happens too often, the plant can die.  Different plants experience cavitation at different levels of water stress.  I study pinyon pine trees that grow with juniper trees.  Pinyon pine water conducting cells cavitate in much “wetter” soils than juniper.  For example, these two pictures show a pinyon juniper woodland at two points in a particularly dry year.  In the first picture, you see both pinyon and juniper.  In the second picture, almost all of the living trees are juniper.
    Pinyon-Juniper Woodland

    Pinyon-Juniper Woodland

    Juniper woodland

    Juniper woodland

    Linton, M., Sperry, J., & Williams, D. (1998). Limits to water transport in Juniperus osteosperma and Pinus edulis: implications for drought tolerance and regulation of transpiration Functional Ecology, 12 (6), 906-911 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00275.x

  8. The world is complicated: there are countless interactions between organisms and predictions can be nearly impossible.  What we are sure of is that people are changing the climate very quickly and our ecosystems are also changing in ways that will very likely have terrible consequences for us and other species.  I study ecology not just because it’s beautiful and fascinating, but also because it may give us the information we need to live better in the world.

I’ll tag Brooke, Lights, Carpe Omnis, Eugenie, Transient Theorist, Karina, and FreedomGirl.

March 14th, 2009 | Author: sarcozona

My university, like many others across the country, is facing unbelievable budget cuts (40%!!!).  They’re cutting programs and employees right and left.  What I don’t get is why they aren’t cutting athletics.

“Corrective rape” of lesbians in South Africa goes unprosecuted.

Incredibly bad news for women in Arizona.  Come back, Janet!

Dear Famous Asshole Neurologist Who Said “Ridiculous” When I Suggested My Migraines Were Caused By Weather Changes, Fuck you.

Ever heard of Chiditarod?  It’s exactly like the Iditarod except with shopping carts instead of dogsleds.  Also it’s in Chicago instead of Alaska. Oh, and the costumes are way better.

Chiditarod

Chiditarod

Remy Lidereau’s architectural photos:

Women’s bodies, food, and what people say.

What you didn’t learn in your high school history class.

We need to change the way we pay for college.  It’s ridiculous that I have $30,000 in loans and have been on almost full scholarship at state schools my entire college career.

The absentminded professor: eccentric or insane?

Animal welfare is really important and something I definitely support.  Animal rights activisits, on the other hand, have gone off the deep end and some are very very cruel and dangerous.  A better punishment than jail, I think, would be to force them to truly live by the principles they espouse and deny them anything that’s come from human use of non-human animals – vaccines, surgeries, medicine, etc.

Must read book written by the HOLY SPIRIT via Unreasonable Faith: BIRTH CONTROL IS SINFUL IN THE CHRISTIAN MARRIAGES and also ROBBING GOD OF PRIESTHOOD CHILDREN!!

Dangerous attitudes towards violence against women in the UK.

Public transportation and poverty: One more reason to invest in good public transportation.

Another wonderful post on the ecology of the sandpaper plant by Mary at A Neotropical Savanna.